Kiln.



PATENTED OCT. 10, 1905.

A. P. DIETZ.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.7,1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES.

A TTOHNEYS munew 1 cimw w 9- No. 801,826. PATENTED OCT. 10, 1905. A. P. DIETZ.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.7.1905.

3 SHEBTSSHEET 2.

A TTOR/V E Y8 WITNESSES No. 801,826. PATENTED OCT. 10, 1905. A. F. DIETZ.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 7, 1905'.

3 SHBETSSHBET 3.

Q A r WITNESSES: INVENTOR ATTORNEYS UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

AUGUST F. DIETZ. OF PERTH AMBOY, NElV JERSEY, ASSIGNOR OF ONE- HALF T O FREDERICK J. KLOES,

OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

KILN.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 10, 1905.

Application filed March '7, 1905. Serial No. 2%,890.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, AUGUST F. DIETZ, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Perth Amboy, in the county of Middlesex and State of New Jersey, have invented a new and Improved Kiln, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The invention relates, primarily, to a kiln for burning brick, tile, terra-cotta, and other earthen or ceramic material in which the heat is developed by burning pulverized fuel, such as a bituminous coal fed in the combustionchamber in suspension in a blast of air. In this way complete utilization of the fuel fed into the kiln and high temperatures are attained.

Preferably the kiln is built with a sealed chamber containing the material operated on, beneath which chamber is located a combustion-passage, which discharges into a vertical flue passing up through the sealed chamber and communicating with a circular chamber in the roof of the kiln, through which the gases pass to the outer edge, thence through downtake-flues under the floor of the kiln to a subchamber, from which the gases finally pass outward under the floor and thence through uptake-fines into the atmosphere.

The invention resides in certain features, which will be fully set forth hereinafter, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate the preferred embodiment of my invention, in which drawings like characters of reference indicate like parts in the several views, and in whieh Figure 1 is a vertical section of the kiln. Fig. 2 is a sectional plan on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a sectional plan on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4: is a detail section taken vertically through the kiln on the line 4 1 of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a detail section on the line 5 5 of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a detail perspective showing one of the blocks which are employed in connection with the downtake-flues, and Fig. 7 is a detail perspective of another of these blocks.

The kiln is erected on a suitable foundation, (indicated at 10 in Fig. 1.) This foundation has preferably a bed of concrete, as is common practice in the art. The kiln is formed with suitable refractory material,such as fire-brick, for the surfaces exposed to intense heat and red brick for the outer parts of the kiln. On the foundation 10 is placed a bed 11, formed of brick, as indicated in the drawings, and rising from this bed are the vertical walls 12 of the kiln. Above the bed 11 is located the horizontal floor 1% of the heating-chamber 15. This chamber is formed of two layers or strata of slabs overhanging each other or breaking joints, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 2, so as to form a hermetic structure preventing the entry of the gases into the chamber 15. The roof of the kiln is formed of an outer wall 16 and an inner wall 17. These walls are convex in form and are spaced from each other to form a chamber 18.

Leading into the kiln from the edge thereof to the center between the bedll and floor 14; is a combustion-passage 19. Into this passage discharges a blast-pipe 29, which is connected with any suitable means for a blast of air having pulverized fuel, such as bituminous coal, suspended in the blast. Above the blast-pipe 20 is an opening 21, which facilitates starting the combustion within the passage 19 and which, if desired, may be closed during the normal operation of the kiln. At the inner end of the passage 19 is located a perforate arch 22, above which rises the central uptake-flue 23. This flue passes through the center of the heating-chamber 15 and discharges into the roof-chamber 18, as shown in Fig. 1. Formed in the side walls 12 of the kiln are vertical downtake-tlues 24L These lines, with certain exceptions to be hereinafter pointed out, discharge into arc-shaped chambers 25 at the lower part of the kiln, as may be seen in Figs. 3 and 1, and said chambers in turn discharge into a number of radial fines 26, passing from the chambers 25 inward between the bed 11 and floor l t to a subchamber 27, which is formed under the floor 14L and surrounds the walls of the combustionpassage 19. From the subchamber 27 the gases of combustion enter horizontal outtakeflues 28, which communicate with uptake-fines 29, passing through the side walls 12 outward of the downtake-tlues 24c and communicating with stacks 30, which the atmosphere. It will be observed that all of the downtake-fiues 24: lead into one or the other of the chambers 25 with the exception of those 'tlues which are located directly over the combustion-passage 19 and over the horidischarge the gases into deliveringthercto any material part of the zontal outtake-flues 28, these flues 24 being blinded by the outer walls of the passage 19 and outtake-flues 28.

As shown best in Figs. 1, 6, and 7, the walls of the kiln in which the downtake-flues 24 are formed have set therein square blocks 31 of suitable refractory material, with central passages 32. These blocks are embedded in the brickwork of the walls, and according to the preferred construction there are two blocks for each flue, one block being located at the base of the flue and the other block midway the length thereof. The walls of the kiln in which the flues 24; are formed also have embedded therein square blocks 33 of refractory material, with central openings 34 and with beveled surfaces 35. These blocks are located one at the outer end of each flue 24., and the inner wall 17 of the roof of the kiln bears on the beveled surface 35 of said blocks. In connection with this construction it is pointed out that the blocks 33 serve as supports for the inner walls 17 of the roof of the kiln and that brick maybe taken out below said blocks to repair the kiln without disturbing this support of the wall 17 It will also be seenthat the blocks 31 assist in this action and that brick may be taken out below the middle block 31 to repair the flue or flues without disturbing the walls above said block.

In order to vent the chamber 15 during the operation of the kiln, the wall 17 is provided with a pipe 36, passing through the flue into the chamber 18, and snugly yet slidably surrounding the o'uter end of said pipe is a pipe 37 which passes through the wall 16 and forms a continuation of the pipe 36. 38 indicates a suitable closure for the pipe 37, by means of which the vent may be opened or closed, as desired. This arrangement permits of venting the heating-chamber and for permitting an equal expansion and contraction of the walls 16 and 17 without, however, allowing gases in the chamber 18 to either enter the heating-chamberor escape into the atmosphere. Rising from the wall 16 is a stack 39, which communicates with the chamber 18, but which during the normal operation of the kiln is intended to be closed or sealed. This may be done in any desired manner. 40 in Fig. 1 illustrates the closure for this stack.

In practical operation the kiln is provided with what is termed a wicket or opening, permitting entryinto the feeding-chamber, through which opening the chamber may be filled with the material to be burnt. After this has been done the opening is bricked up, so as hermetically to seal the chamber 15, excepting for the vent provided by the pipes 36 and 37. The wicket or opening in the kiln may be formed at any convenient point and may be of. such size and form as the conditions of use require. After the chamber 15 is filled with the material treated a wood or other fire should be started in the passage 19, and then the blast of air and pulverized coal should be introduced into the chamber through the pipe 20. The pulverized fuel burns with the oxygen of the air-blast, and when this operation begins the wood tire should be discontinued. the kiln operating entirely on the pulverized fuel introduced into the chamber 19 by the air-blast, as explained. The gases of combustion pass the perforate arch 22 and enter the flue 23, through which they pass into the roof-chamber 18. The stack 39 being sealed, as indicated at 40, the gases pass outward to the edge of the chamber 18 and down the flues 24 into the chambers 25 and from thence through the flues 26 to the subchamber 27. Here the gases back into the-flues 28 and pass through the same and into the uptake-flues 29, from which they finally pass into the atmosphere by way of the stacks 30. It will be observed that this arrangement of flues provides for the passage of the burning gases through the heatingchamber, over the top thereof, down the sides, and under the bottom, or, in other words, around all of the sides of the formly and thoroughly heating the same. By using the pulverized fuel introduced into the kiln by an air-blast, as described, complete combustion of the fuel during its course through the various flues is insured, and in this way I derive the maximum temperatures from given fuel quantities. After the burning is finished the closure 40 of the stack 39 should be opened to permit cooling off the kiln. This cooling operation may be assisted, if desired, by introducing a blast of cold air into the passage 19, so that the air circulated through the hot flues will reduce the temperature thereof sufflciently to permit the kiln to be entered and the burnt product thereof removed.

Having thus described the preferred form of my invention, whatI claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A kiln provided with a chamber to receive the material burnt, and havingacombustionpassage below the chamber, an uptake-flue passing through the heating-chamber, a roofchamber at the upper end of the uptake-flue, downtake-flues passing through the side walls of the kiln, a subchamber below the floor of the heating-chamber, flues establishing communication between the downtake-flues and the subchamber, and uptake-flues passing from the bottom of the heating-chamber and up through the side walls of the kiln.

2. A kiln havinga heating-chamber, a combustion-passage passing from the side thereof to the central portion of the kiln, and an uptake-flue communicating with the combustion-passage and extending through the heating-chamber to the kiln and out through the top wall thereof.

3. A kiln having a heating-chamber, a comchamber uni- IIO bustion-passage extending from the side of the kiln toward the center thereof under the heating-chamber, a perforate arch at the inner portion of the combustion-passage, and an uptake-flue located over the perforate arch and passing through the heating-chamber and out through the top wall thereof.

El:- A kiln having a heating-chamber, a subchamber below the same, means for circulating the burning gases down the sides of the heating-chamber, intake-flues conducting the burning gases to the subchamber, and u ptakeflues passing from the subchamber under the heating-chamber and thence up to the atmosphere.

5. A kiln having a heating-chamber, a com bustion-passage passing from the side toward the center of the kiln under the heating-chamber, a subchamber surrounding the walls of the combustion-chamber, means for circulating the burning gases upward and thence downward around the sides of the heatingchamber, intake-hues conducting the burning gases to the subchamber, and outtake-fines passing under the heating-chamber and thence up through the sides of the kiln to the atmosphere.

6. Akiln having a heating-chamber, a combustion-chamber under the heating-chamber, an uptake-flue passing from the combustionchamber through the heating-chamber, a roofchamber communicating with the uptake-flue, downtake-flues passing through the side walls of the kiln from the roof-chamber, and means for carrying off the burning gases from the lower ends of the downtake-flues.

7. A kiln having a roof formed of an inner and outer wall with a chamber between them for the circulation of the burning gases. and vent-tubes passing respectively through the walls of the roof and having sliding connection with each other, for the purpose specified.

8. A kiln having a heating-chamber, fines for circulating the burning gases through the chamber, over the top thereof, and a cooling-stack communicating with said flues at the top of the chamber.

9. A kiln having a vertical flue therein, and an integral block set in the walls of the kiln and having a central opening therein forming part of the flue.

10. A kiln having a roof formed of inner and outer walls spaced from each other, a flue communicating with the space between the walls and extending vertically in the kiln, and an integral block set in the walls of the kiln having an opening therein forming part of the flue, said block being engaged by and serving partly to support the inner wall of the roof of the kiln.

11. A kiln having a closed heating-chamber, a combustion-chamber under the heatingchamber, an uptake-flue passing from the combustion-chamber through the heating-chamber, a roof-chamber above the heating-chamher with which the uptake-flue communicates with the roof-chamber and passing through the side walls of the kiln, a subchamber below the heating-chamber, intake-fines leading from the downtake-fiues to the subchamber, and outtake-flues leading from the subchamber under kiln and up through the side walls thereof.

12. A kiln having a closed heating-chamber, means for circulating the gases of coinbustion downward around the sides of the heating-chamber, a subchamber under the heating-chamber, intake-fines leading to the subchamber, and outtake-fines leading from the subchamber and up through the side walls of the kiln.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

AUGUST F. DIETZ.

itness es:

ISAAC B. OWENS, J NO. M. BITTER.

and down the sides 

